Words like Arabic kull, Hebrew kol, Icelandic öll, and many more, can combine with definites of three sorts: plural count nouns (‘all the links’), mass nouns (‘all the steel’), and singular count nouns (‘the whole chain’). There is no generally accepted theory of these words, not even of English all, not to mention English whole. I walk through what theories there are, noting known challenges and adding one or two new ones.
Handout: The sum total of ‘all’